Peptides

5-Amino-1MQ is an NNMT-inhibiting small molecule, not a peptide. See what animal studies show, why human data is missing, and its non-FDA-approved status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor

Abaloparatide is an FDA-approved PTHrP analog injection for osteoporosis. Learn how it builds bone, what the ACTIVE trial found, and its two-year limit.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

PTHrP analog

Acetyl hexapeptide-8, sold as Argireline, is a cosmetic peptide marketed for expression lines. See how it works, what studies show, and its non-drug status.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Neurotransmitter-inhibiting peptide

Acetyl octapeptide-3, sold as SNAP-8, is a cosmetic peptide marketed for expression lines. Learn how it works, how thin its evidence is, and its status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Neurotransmitter-inhibiting peptide

Acetyl tetrapeptide-5, sold as Eyeseryl, is a cosmetic peptide used in eye creams for puffiness. See how it is thought to work and how limited the evidence is.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Signal peptide

Afamelanotide is a synthetic form of a skin hormone, FDA-approved in 2019 as the Scenesse implant for adults with EPP. See how it works and what trials show.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

MC1R agonist

Albiglutide is a once-weekly GLP-1 drug approved in 2014 as Tanzeum for type 2 diabetes. Learn how it works, what trials found, and why it was withdrawn.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Amycretin is an investigational drug that targets GLP-1 and amylin receptors for weight management. See how it works and what early trials have found so far.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Amylin + GLP-1 co-agonist

Angiotensin II is a natural hormone that raises blood pressure. A synthetic form, Giapreza, is FDA-approved for shock. See how it works and what trials show.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Vasopressor peptide

AOD-9604 is a growth hormone fragment studied for fat loss. Human obesity trials failed to beat placebo, and it is not FDA-approved. See what research shows.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GH fragment (lipolytic)

Apraglutide is an investigational once-weekly GLP-2 analog for short bowel syndrome. See how it works, what Phase 3 showed, and where FDA review stands.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

GLP-2 analog

Aviptadil is a synthetic form of VIP studied for COVID-19 respiratory failure. See how it works, what trials found, and why it is not FDA-approved.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

Bacitracin is an FDA-approved peptide antibiotic used on the skin for minor wounds. Learn how it works, how it is used, and why it can cause allergies.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Polypeptide antibiotic

Balixafortide is an investigational CXCR4-blocking peptide studied with chemotherapy for breast cancer. See how it works and why Phase 3 showed no benefit.

Evidence

Low research

Class

CXCR4 antagonist peptide

Bivalirudin (Angiomax) is an FDA-approved peptide anticoagulant used during heart procedures. Learn how it works, when it is used, and what trials found.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Direct thrombin inhibitor

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide studied for tissue and gut repair. Learn what the research shows, why the evidence is mostly preclinical, and its FDA status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Synthetic pentadecapeptide (gastric-derived)

Bremelanotide is an FDA-approved melanocortin agonist sold as Vyleesi for HSDD in premenopausal women. See how it works, side effects, and the PT-141 caveat.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

MC4R agonist

Brilacidin is an investigational defensin-mimetic studied for oral mucositis and infections. Learn how it works, what research shows, and its approval status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Defensin-mimetic host-defense peptide

Cagrilintide is an investigational long-acting amylin analog from Novo Nordisk. Learn how it works, what trials show, and why it is not approved on its own.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Long-acting amylin analog

CagriSema combines cagrilintide and semaglutide in one weekly injection. See how it works, what Phase 3 trials found, and where FDA review stands today.

Evidence

Deep research

Class

Amylin + GLP-1 combination

Calcitonin-salmon is an FDA-approved hormone copy used for osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and high blood calcium. Learn how it works and where it fits.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Calcitonin receptor agonist

Carnosine is a dipeptide used in skincare as an antioxidant ingredient. Learn how it works, what lab studies show, and why it is a cosmetic, not a drug.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Antioxidant dipeptide

Cerebrolysin is a pig-brain peptide mixture used for stroke and dementia in some countries. See what trials show and why it is not FDA-approved.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Neuropeptide preparation (porcine brain)

Cetrorelix is an FDA-approved GnRH antagonist sold as Cetrotide. Learn how it prevents early ovulation during IVF stimulation and where it fits.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GnRH antagonist

CJC-1295 is a long-acting GHRH analog that raises growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Learn what the research shows and why it is not FDA-approved.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GHRH analog (secretagogue)

Tesamorelin is FDA-approved only for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. See what is known about off-label body composition and anti-aging use in people without HIV.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

GHRH analog

GHK-Cu is a copper-bound tripeptide used in skincare. See how it works in lab studies and why human evidence for cosmetic benefit is still limited.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Carrier/copper peptide

Corticotropin (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal glands and acts on immune cells. Learn what it is, how it works, and its FDA-approved status since 1952.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Melanocortin / ACTH

Cosyntropin is a synthetic ACTH fragment used to test adrenal function. Learn how the cortisol response is read and what FDA-approved means here.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

ACTH(1-24) analog

Cyclosporine is a cyclic peptide that suppresses T cells. Learn how it works, its FDA-approved forms, and why systemic versions carry boxed warnings.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Cyclic peptide immunosuppressant

Dalbavancin, oritavancin, and telavancin are FDA-approved lipoglycopeptide antibiotics for Gram-positive infections. See how they work and differ.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Lipoglycopeptide antibiotics

Daptomycin is an FDA-approved intravenous antibiotic for serious skin infections and Staph aureus bloodstream infections. Learn how it works and its uses.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic

Dasiglucagon is an FDA-approved, ready-to-use glucagon analog for severe low blood sugar. Learn how it works, what it is used for, and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Glucagon analog

Davunetide is an investigational neuroprotective peptide that failed its pivotal trial in progressive supranuclear palsy. See how it works and where it stands.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Neuroprotective peptide

Degarelix is an FDA-approved GnRH antagonist for advanced prostate cancer that lowers testosterone quickly. Learn how it works and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GnRH antagonist

Desirudin is a recombinant hirudin once used to prevent clots after hip surgery. Learn how it blocks thrombin and why it is no longer sold in the U.S.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Direct thrombin inhibitor

Desmopressin is a synthetic vasopressin analog approved by the FDA since 1978. Learn how it concentrates urine, its approved uses, and its main safety risk.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Vasopressin V2 analog

Difelikefalin (Korsuva) is an FDA-approved peptide for itch in adults on hemodialysis. Learn how it works, what the trials showed, and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Kappa-opioid agonist peptide

Dihexa is an experimental angiotensin IV-derived peptide with no human trials and a retracted mechanism paper. See what the research shows and its legal status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Angiotensin IV-derived peptide

SYN-AKE, or dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate, is a cosmetic peptide modeled on viper venom. Learn how it works and how strong the evidence is.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Neuromuscular-relaxing peptide

DSIP is a naturally occurring nine-amino-acid peptide linked to sleep in early research. Learn its history, what studies show, and its unapproved status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Neuromodulatory nonapeptide

Dulaglutide is an FDA-approved once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes. Learn how it works, what trials showed, and its cardiovascular role.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Ecallantide is an FDA-approved plasma kallikrein inhibitor for acute hereditary angioedema attacks. Learn how it works, who gives it, and its boxed warning.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Plasma kallikrein inhibitor

Echinocandins are FDA-approved antifungal lipopeptides that block the fungal cell wall. Learn how caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin work and are used.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Lipopeptide antifungals

Efpeglenatide is an investigational once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist. Learn how it works, what the AMPLITUDE-O trial found, and why it is not yet approved.

Evidence

Deep research

Class

Long-acting GLP-1 agonist

Elamipretide is a mitochondria-targeting peptide with FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome. Learn how it works and what that approval does not show.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) blocks HIV from entering CD4 cells. See how this fusion inhibitor works, who used it, its 2003 FDA approval, and its 2025 discontinuation.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

HIV fusion inhibitor peptide

Enlicitide (Lipfendra) is a once-daily oral PCSK9 inhibitor for lowering LDL cholesterol. Learn how it works, what Phase 3 trials showed, and its FDA status.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Oral macrocyclic PCSK9 inhibitor peptide

Epitalon is a synthetic four-amino acid peptide sold for anti-aging and sleep. See what limited human research exists and where it stands with the FDA in 2026.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Pineal tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)

Eptifibatide (Integrilin) is an intravenous peptide that blocks platelet clumping during heart attacks and stenting. Learn how it works and its bleeding risk.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor

Etelcalcetide (Parsabiv) is an intravenous peptide that lowers parathyroid hormone in people on dialysis. Learn how it works and what it is approved for.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Calcimimetic peptide

Exenatide is a GLP-1 agonist FDA-approved in 2005 for type 2 diabetes. Learn how it works, its history, and why the U.S. brands were discontinued.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Follistatin-344 is a myostatin-binding protein sold for muscle gain. See how it works, why it is not FDA-approved, and what human research exists.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Myostatin-inhibiting peptide

Fragment 176-191 is a growth hormone fragment sold for fat loss. Learn how it is proposed to work, its non-approved status, and what the research shows.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GH C-terminal fragment

Gallium Ga-68 dotatate (NETSPOT) is an FDA-approved PET tracer that locates neuroendocrine tumors. Learn how it works, what it is used for, and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

SSTR imaging radiopeptide

Ganirelix is an FDA-approved GnRH antagonist peptide that prevents early ovulation during IVF. Learn how it works, what it is used for, and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GnRH antagonist

GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide tied to tissue repair. See what animal and lab research shows, how it works, and why injectable use is not FDA-approved.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Copper-binding tripeptide

GHRP-2 is a synthetic ghrelin-mimic peptide that prompts growth hormone release. Learn how it works, its diagnostic use in Japan, and its FDA status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GHRP / ghrelin agonist

GHRP-6 is a synthetic ghrelin-mimic peptide that raises growth hormone and appetite. Learn how it works, what human data exist, and why it is not FDA-approved.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GHRP / ghrelin agonist

Glepaglutide is an investigational GLP-2 analog for short bowel syndrome. See how it works, what its Phase 3 trial showed, and why the FDA has not approved it.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

GLP-2 analog

Glucagon is a pancreatic hormone that raises blood sugar fast. Learn its role in severe hypoglycemia, how nasal and injectable forms compare, and its status.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Glucagon receptor agonist

Glutathione is a major antioxidant peptide inside cells. Learn how it works, what small human trials show, and why it is not FDA-approved as a drug.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Antioxidant tripeptide

Gonadorelin is a synthetic GnRH used as a testosterone therapy add-on. See how it works, how limited the evidence is, and where its FDA status stands.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GnRH (native)

Goserelin (Zoladex) is an FDA-approved GnRH agonist implant. Learn how it lowers sex hormones and what it is used for in cancer and endometriosis.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GnRH agonist

Hexapeptide-9 is a cosmetic signal peptide based on collagen. Learn how it is thought to work in skin and how limited the human evidence still is.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Signal peptide

Hexarelin is a synthetic peptide that triggers growth hormone release. Learn how it works, what human data exist, and why it is not FDA-approved.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GHRP / ghrelin agonist

Histrelin is an FDA-approved GnRH agonist implant for central precocious puberty. Learn how it works, its side effects, and the evidence behind it.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GnRH agonist

hCG is an FDA-approved hormone that mimics luteinizing hormone. Learn its approved uses, how it works, its risks, and why it is not approved for weight loss.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Glycoprotein gonadotropin

Humanin is a mitochondria-encoded peptide studied for aging and brain protection. Learn what research shows, why evidence is limited, and its FDA status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Mitochondrial-derived peptide

Icatibant is an FDA-approved peptide that blocks the bradykinin B2 receptor in hereditary angioedema attacks. Learn how it works and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Bradykinin B2 antagonist

IGF-1 DES is a truncated IGF-1 analog sold as a research chemical. Learn what animal studies show, why human evidence is missing, and its FDA and WADA status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

IGF-1 analog

IGF-1 LR3 is a long-acting IGF-1 analog sold as a research chemical. Its evidence is animal and cell-based, it is not FDA-approved, and sport bans it.

Evidence

Low research

Class

IGF-1 analog

Insulin analogs are engineered insulins that act faster or last longer. Learn how they work, their uses, their FDA status, and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Insulin receptor agonist

Ipamorelin is a ghrelin-mimicking peptide that raises growth hormone. Human data are limited to short studies, it is not FDA-approved, and sport bans it.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GHRP / ghrelin receptor agonist

Kisspeptin-10 is a fragment of a reproductive hormone studied in small human trials. It remains investigational and has no FDA-approved product.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Reproductive peptide

KPV is a three-amino-acid alpha-MSH fragment studied for inflammation. Evidence is animal and cell-based, with no human efficacy trials. It is not FDA-approved.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Anti-inflammatory tripeptide

Lanreotide is a long-acting somatostatin analog FDA-approved since 2007 for acromegaly and certain neuroendocrine tumors. Learn how it works and its risks.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Somatostatin analog

Larazotide acetate is an investigational peptide studied for celiac disease. Its Phase 3 trial was stopped for futility and it is not approved.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Zonulin antagonist (tight-junction regulator)

Leuprolide is a GnRH agonist FDA-approved since 1985. It suppresses testosterone and estrogen for prostate cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GnRH agonist

Linaclotide (Linzess) is an FDA-approved peptide that acts inside the gut to ease IBS-C and chronic constipation. Learn how it works and its risks.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Guanylate cyclase-C agonist

Liraglutide, sold as Victoza and Saxenda, is a once-daily GLP-1 agonist for type 2 diabetes and weight management. Learn how it works and its evidence.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Lixisenatide is a once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved in 2016 for type 2 diabetes. See how it works, its status, and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GLP-1 receptor agonist

LL-37 is the body's antimicrobial host-defense peptide. See how it works, what research shows, and why it is not FDA-approved as of 2026.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Host-defense antimicrobial peptide

LTX-315 is an investigational peptide injected into tumors to trigger an immune response. See how it works, trial findings, and why it is not approved.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Oncolytic peptide

Lutetium Lu-177 dotatate (Lutathera) is an FDA-approved radiation therapy for neuroendocrine tumors. See how it works, uses, and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

SSTR-targeted radiopeptide

Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan (Pluvicto) is an FDA-approved radiation therapy for PSMA-positive prostate cancer. See how it works and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

PSMA-targeted radioligand

Mazdutide is a once-weekly GLP-1 and glucagon agonist approved in China in 2025. It remains investigational and is not FDA-approved in the U.S.

Evidence

Deep research

Class

GLP-1 / glucagon dual agonist

Mecasermin is recombinant IGF-1, FDA-approved since 2005 for children with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency. Learn how it works and who it is for.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

IGF-1 (recombinant)

Mechano growth factor is a muscle IGF-1 splice variant sold as a research peptide. Evidence is mostly lab-based; it is not FDA-approved and is banned in sport.

Evidence

Low research

Class

IGF-1 splice variant

Melanotan I is a synthetic peptide that activates the MC1R pigment receptor. The gray-market tanning product is unapproved and lacks controlled evidence.

Evidence

Low research

Class

MC1R agonist

Melanotan II is a gray-market melanocortin peptide sold for tanning and libido. It is not FDA-approved, and no controlled trials support those uses.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Melanocortin agonist (MC1R/MC3R/MC4R)

MK-677 is an oral ghrelin mimic that raises growth hormone. See what human trials show, the metabolic concerns, and why it is not FDA-approved.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Non-peptide ghrelin mimetic

Motixafortide is an FDA-approved CXCR4-blocking peptide that moves stem cells into the blood for collection in multiple myeloma. Learn how it works.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

CXCR4 antagonist peptide

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial peptide studied as an exercise mimetic. See what preclinical research shows, why human evidence is lacking, and its FDA status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Mitochondrial-derived peptide

Murepavadin is an investigational peptidomimetic antibiotic built to target Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Learn how it works and why its Phase 3 program halted.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Antimicrobial 'protegrin' peptidomimetic

Nafarelin is an FDA-approved GnRH agonist nasal spray for endometriosis and central precocious puberty. See how it works and what trials show.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GnRH agonist

Nangibotide is an investigational peptide that blocks TREM-1 to calm inflammation in septic shock. Learn how it works and where its trial evidence stands.

Evidence

Low research

Class

TREM-1 inhibitor peptide

Nesiritide is a lab-made copy of the heart hormone BNP, approved for acute heart failure. See how it works, what trials found, and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Natriuretic peptide

NNZ-2591 is an investigational oral peptide studied for rare neurodevelopmental disorders. Learn how it works and what its early trial data show.

Evidence

Low research

Class

IGF-1-related peptide

Nonapeptide-1, sold as Melanostatine, is a skincare peptide used for dark spots. See how it works in the lab and what evidence exists for it.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Brightening peptide

Octreotide is an FDA-approved somatostatin analog used for acromegaly and hormone-secreting tumors. Learn how it works, its forms, and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Somatostatin analog

Oligopeptide-1 is the cosmetic name for human epidermal growth factor. Learn how it works on skin cells, what small studies show, and its cosmetic status.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Growth-factor peptide

Oxytocin is a nine-amino-acid pituitary hormone. Learn how it makes the uterus contract, why it is FDA-approved for labor, and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Oxytocin receptor agonist

Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 is an elastin-fragment peptide used in skincare. Learn how it works, what research exists, and why it is a cosmetic ingredient.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Signal peptide

Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl) is a collagen-fragment peptide used in skincare. Learn how it works, what trials show, and its cosmetic status.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Signal (collagen) peptide

Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Rigin) is a skincare signal peptide. Learn how it works on inflammatory signals, what evidence exists, and its cosmetic status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Signal / anti-inflammatory peptide

Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 is a cosmetic collagen-signal peptide in Matrixyl 3000. Learn how it works, what the evidence shows, and its regulatory status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Signal peptide

Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 is a cosmetic signal peptide sold as Matrixyl synthe'6. See how it works, what human evidence exists, and its regulatory status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Signal peptide

Palopegteriparatide (Yorvipath) is an FDA-approved, long-acting parathyroid hormone for adults with hypoparathyroidism. Learn how it works and what trials show.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Long-acting PTH prodrug

Parathyroid hormone (Natpara) is an FDA-approved replacement for hypoparathyroidism. Learn how it works, trial results, and the boxed warning.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

PTH (recombinant)

Pasireotide (Signifor) is an FDA-approved somatostatin analog for Cushing's disease and acromegaly. Learn how it works and why it raises blood sugar.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Somatostatin analog

Pegcetacoplan is an FDA-approved peptide that blocks complement C3. Learn how Empaveli and Syfovre work, what each is approved for, and key safety points.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Complement C3 inhibitor (PEG peptide)

Pegvisomant (Somavert) is an FDA-approved growth hormone receptor blocker for acromegaly. Learn how it lowers IGF-1, how it is given, and the research.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GH receptor antagonist

Pemvidutide is an investigational GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonist studied for MASH and obesity. Learn how it works and what Phase 2 trials have found so far.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

GLP-1 / glucagon dual agonist

Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) is a cosmetic peptide used for the look of expression lines. Learn how it works, where it is used, and how strong the evidence is.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Neurotransmitter-inhibiting peptide

Petrelintide is an investigational long-acting amylin analog studied for weight management. Learn how it works and what the Phase 2 research has shown so far.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Long-acting amylin analog

Plecanatide is an FDA-approved oral peptide for chronic constipation and IBS-C. Learn how it works, what trials showed, and its boxed dehydration warning.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Guanylate cyclase-C agonist

PN-943 is an investigational oral peptide that blocks the alpha4beta7 integrin in ulcerative colitis. See how it works and why the research is weak.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Oral α4β7 integrin antagonist peptide

Polymyxin B and colistin are FDA-approved last-resort antibiotics for resistant Gram-negative infections. Learn how they work and why their use is limited.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Polymyxin antibiotic

Pramlintide is an FDA-approved amylin analog used with mealtime insulin. Learn how it lowers after-meal glucose and how it differs from GLP-1 drugs.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Amylin analog

PT-141 is the gray-market name for bremelanotide. Learn how it works in the brain, what Vyleesi is approved for, and why the evidence for broader use is thin.

Evidence

Low research

Class

MC4R agonist

Retatrutide is an investigational triple agonist of the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. Learn how it works, what trials show, and where FDA approval stands.

Evidence

Deep research

Class

Triple GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon agonist

Rusfertide is an FDA-approved hepcidin-mimetic peptide for polycythemia vera. Learn how it limits iron for red blood cells and what the trials showed.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Hepcidin mimetic peptide

Secretin is the first hormone ever discovered and an FDA-approved diagnostic agent. Learn how it tests pancreatic function and what the evidence shows.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Secretin hormone

Selank is a synthetic peptide approved for anxiety in Russia but not by the FDA. Learn how it is proposed to work and how limited the human evidence is.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Anxiolytic peptide (Russian)

Selepressin is an investigational V1a receptor agonist once studied for septic shock. Learn how it works and why its pivotal trial showed no benefit.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Selective vasopressin V1a agonist

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist sold as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus. Learn how it works, what it is approved for, and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Semax is a synthetic peptide approved in Russia but not by the FDA. See how it is thought to work and what the limited human research shows.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Nootropic peptide (ACTH(4-10) analog)

Sermorelin is a synthetic GHRH fragment once sold as Geref and now discontinued. See how it works, its FDA status, and what the research shows.

Evidence

Low research

Class

GHRH analog (secretagogue)

Setmelanotide, sold as Imcivree, is an FDA-approved peptide for certain rare genetic obesity. Learn how it works, who it is for, and its side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

MC4R agonist

Sincalide, sold as Kinevac, is an FDA-approved diagnostic peptide that triggers gallbladder contraction. Learn how it works, its uses, and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Cholecystokinin analog

Somapacitan is a long-acting growth hormone, FDA-approved since 2020, given once weekly. Learn how it works, who it is for, and how it differs from daily doses.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Long-acting GH analog

Somatropin is lab-made human growth hormone, FDA-approved since the late 1980s. Learn its approved uses, how it works, and the safety considerations involved.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Growth hormone

Survodutide is an investigational GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonist studied for obesity and liver disease. Learn how it works, what trials show, and its status.

Evidence

Deep research

Class

GLP-1 / glucagon dual agonist

TB-500 is a synthetic thymosin beta-4 fragment sold as a research peptide. Learn what the evidence shows, why it is banned in sport, and its regulatory status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Synthetic Tβ4 fragment

Teduglutide is a GLP-2 analog, FDA-approved since 2012, for short bowel syndrome. Learn how it helps the gut absorb nutrients, who uses it, and key risks.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GLP-2 analog

Teriparatide (Forteo) is an FDA-approved parathyroid hormone fragment that builds new bone in people at high fracture risk from osteoporosis.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

PTH analog

Terlipressin (Terlivaz) is an FDA-approved vasopressin analog that improves kidney function in hepatorenal syndrome. Learn how it works and its boxed warning.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Vasopressin analog

Tesamorelin (Egrifta) is an FDA-approved growth hormone-releasing hormone analog that reduces excess abdominal fat in people with HIV-associated lipodystrophy.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GHRH analog

Thymosin alpha-1 is approved as thymalfasin in many countries but not in the U.S. See what human trials show in hepatitis and sepsis, and where results vary.

Evidence

Moderate research

Class

Immunomodulatory peptide

Thymosin beta-4 is a natural tissue-repair peptide sold as a research peptide. See how it works, what human data exist, and its FDA status today.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Actin-regulating peptide

Thymulin is a zinc-dependent thymic peptide tied to immune-cell development. See how it works, what the research shows, and where it stands with the FDA.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Thymic immune peptide

Tirzepatide is an FDA-approved once-weekly peptide that activates GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Learn its approved uses, how it works, and trial results.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Dual GIP + GLP-1 receptor agonist

Tripeptide-10 citrulline is a decorin-mimicking cosmetic peptide sold as Decorinyl. See how it works, what the research shows, and its status.

Evidence

Low research

Class

Signal peptide

Triptorelin is an FDA-approved GnRH agonist given as a depot injection. Learn its approved uses, how it lowers testosterone, and what trials show.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

GnRH agonist

Trofinetide (DAYBUE) is an FDA-approved drug for Rett syndrome. Learn how it works, what it is prescribed for, its side effects, and the evidence.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

IGF-1-derived tripeptide analog

Before Rett syndrome approval, trofinetide was studied for Fragile X and traumatic brain injury. Here is what those investigational programs found.

Evidence

Low research

Class

IGF-1-derived peptide

Vancomycin is an FDA-approved antibiotic for serious Gram-positive infections, including MRSA and C. difficile. Learn how it works, its uses, and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Glycopeptide antibiotic

Vasopressin (Vasostrict) is an FDA-approved hormone used in intensive care to raise blood pressure. Learn how it works, its uses, and side effects.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

V1/V2 receptor agonist

Vosoritide (Voxzogo) is an FDA-approved peptide that increases growth in children with achondroplasia. Learn how it works, its side effects, and the evidence.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

CNP analog

Ziconotide (Prialt) is an FDA-approved non-opioid peptide for severe chronic pain, given by spinal pump. Learn how it works and its boxed warning.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

N-type Ca-channel blocker (conotoxin)

Zilucoplan (Zilbrysq) is an FDA-approved peptide that blocks complement C5 in antibody-positive myasthenia gravis. Learn how it works and its risks.

Evidence

FDA approved

Class

Complement C5 inhibitor peptide